There are several ways of HIV infection:
Unprotected (without a condom) sexual intercourse (70-80 percent); sharing of syringes, needles and other injection equipment (5-10 percent), transfusion of contaminated blood (5-10 percent); transmission of HIV-positive mother to child - in pregnancy, birth and through breastfeeding (5-10 percent), using non-tools for tattoos and pursing; use other people's shaving supplies, tooth brushes with visible remnants of the blood (extremely rare).
HIV is transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal discharge and milk, while there is no risk of infection through other biological materials (such as saliva, sweat, tears, urine and feces). This is because infection requires a certain minimum concentration of the virus. Thus, the need for the number of virus infection found in drops of blood, which fit on the end of sewing needles, and the saliva, which will contain the same amount of the virus, is 4 liters.
What's happening?
It is known that viruses are not able to reproduce themselves. To play it requires a living cell, where they input its genetic information. Since then, the cell starts to work as «Company» for the production of viruses. In the end, exhausted, she dies. So, for its reproduction of HIV uses certain cells of the immune system (a kind of T-lymphocytes, called helpers). This is what explains such a high risk of HIV - it affects our defensive system, forcing her to work for their reproduction.
The immunity is weakened gradually. People living with HIV may look and feel good for many years and did not even know that he is infected. However, the virus destroys more and more cells of the immune system. When the number of cells falls below a critical level, people become vulnerable to disease, including those to which people with normal immune.
The diagnosis of AIDS usually put a few years after HIV infection when a person has developed one or more serious diseases.
The period after infection and before antibodies to HIV in the blood called «window period». It lasts 25 days, 3 months after infection. When detected in the blood of antibodies to HIV result of the survey is regarded as positive. However, this is not the final answer, because the result necessarily re qualification another confirming test. Only after receiving repeated positive result doctor tells the man to reveal his HIV infection. In doing so, the survey results reported to a doctor appeal man personally, and this information is strictly confidential. The analysis can consult the doctor of immunology or herpetologists that if necessary, treatment.
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