1981 Cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma in the USA
1983 Discovery of the virus. First cases of AIDS in the UK
1984 Development of antibody test
The first recognised cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) occurred in the summer of 1981 in America.
Reports began to appear of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma in young men, who it was subsequently realised were both homosexual and immunocompromised. Even though the condition became known early on as AIDS, its cause and modes of transmission were not immediately obvious.
The virus now known to cause AIDS in a proportion of those infected was discovered in 1983 and given various names. The internationally accepted term is now the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Subsequently a new variant has been isolated in patients with West African connections –HIV-2.
AIDS-defining conditions without laboratory evidence of HIV
• Diseases diagnosed definitively
• Candidiasis: oesophagus, trachea, bronchi or lungs
• Cryptococcosis: extrapulmonary
• Cryptosporidiosis with diarrhoea persisting >1 month
• Cytomegalovirus disease other than in liver, spleen, nodes
• Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection
• mucocutaneous ulceration lasting >1 month
• pulmonary, oesophageal involvement
• Kaposi’s sarcoma in patient <60 years of age
• Primary cerebral lymphoma in patient <60 years of age
• Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia in child <13 years of age
• Mycobacterium avium: disseminated
• Mycobacterium kansasii: disseminated
• Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
• Cerebral toxoplasmosis
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